[56] Madurai lies southeast of the western ghats, and the surrounding region occupies the plains of South India and contains several mountain spurs. [113] In 2008, the crime rate in the city was 283.2 per 100,000 people, accounting for 1.1 per cent of all crimes reported in major cities in India, and it was ranked 19th among 35 major cities in India. He belongs to 2011 IAS Batch. Hindoo Temples and Palace at Madura, a poem by L. E. L. Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission, "Major Reshuffle In Tamil Nadu, 4 Cities Get New Police Chiefs", Tamil Nādu – City Population – Cities, Towns & Provinces – Statistics & Map 2011, Imperial gazetteer of India: Provincial series, Volume 18 1908, Kamat Research Database, Biography: N.M.R.Subbaraman, Press Information Bureau archives, Government of India, Maps, Weather, and Airports for Madurai, India, Madurai Corporation – General information, Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 16 1908, Water year – District ground water brochure, Madurai district, "Primary Census Abstract - Urban Agglomeration", Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India, "Population By Religious Community - Tamil Nadu", List of Members Constituency name wise 2011, https://indianexpress.com/elections/virudhunagar-lok-sabha-election-results/, Commissionerate of Municipal Administration, Economic and political weekly, Volume 30 1995, Map showing the new assembly constituencies, List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies, Key highlights of the general elections 1962 to the Third Lok Sabha, Key highlights of the general elections 1971 to the Fifth Lok Sabha, Key highlights of the general elections 1977 to the Sixth Lok Sabha, Key highlights of the general elections 1980 to the Seventh Lok Sabha, Key highlights of the general elections 1984 to the Eighth Lok Sabha, Key highlights of the general elections 1989 to the Ninth Lok Sabha, Key highlights of the general elections 1991 to the Tenth Lok Sabha, Key highlights of the general elections 1967 to the Fourth Lok Sabha, Key highlights of the general elections 1999 to the Thirteenth Lok Sabha, Key highlights of the general elections 2004 to the Fourteenth Lok Sabha, Key highlights of the general elections 1957 to the Second Lok Sabha, Key highlights of the general elections 1996 to the Eleventh Lok Sabha, Key highlights of the general elections 1998 to the Twelfth Lok Sabha, "The Central Government has recently issued a gazette notification towards the establishment of AIIMS Madurai", National Highways passing through Madurai, Highways Circle of Highways Department, Tamilnadu, Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation (Madurai) Limited 2011, Regional Transport Office – Registered commercial vehicles in Tamil Nadu, https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/madurai-s-iconic-periyar-bus-stand-be-demolished-residents-express-mixed-reactions-95371, Airports Authority of India – Madurai Airport, "Approval for the project proposal and project structure Madurai - Thoothukudi Industrial Corridor - Order Issued", List of Colleges affiliated to Madurai Kamarajar University, The Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University – Affiliated Government law colleges, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, "High-level team inspects AIIMS site in Madurai, compound wall to be raised soon", http://epaper.newindianexpress.com/1527835/The-New-Indian-Express-Madurai/02022018#page/20/1, List of cities where Calling Line Identification (CLI) Based Internet Service is available, List of cities where BSNL broadband service is available (As on 1 January 2007), "Prime Minister Narendra Modi Laid Foundation Stone for Madurai AIIMS Hospital", "36 cities that will shape India's future", "Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai", "AIADMK revives Chennai Monorail Project – southindia – Chennai – ibnlive", "Airports Authority of India – Madurai Airport", "Airports Authority of India – Madurai Airport", "Akam and Pur\am : 'Address' Signs of the Indus Script", "A site of human settlements turned into a coconut grove", "Archealogical excavation uncovers Roman Pandyan trade links", "An industry that can bolster the economy of Madurai", "Census Info 2011 Final population totals", "Census Info 2011 Final population totals – Madurai", "Cities having 1 lakh population – Census 2011", "Climate - Record highs and lows of Madurai", "Commissionerate of Municipal Administration", "Deeds of a great social reformer remembered", "Gandhi relics should be a medium to spread the message: Gandhi Museum director", "HC orders disbursal of salaries to American College staff", "IAF recruitment rally to be held in Madurai on 22 July", "Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission", "Kabaddi tournament to be held in Madurai", "Kamat Research Database, Biography: N.M.R.Subbaraman", "Key highlights of the general elections 1957 to the Second Lok Sabha", "Key highlights of the general elections 1962 to the Third Lok Sabha", "Key highlights of the general elections 1967 to the Fourth Lok Sabha", "Key highlights of the general elections 1971 to the Fifth Lok Sabha", "Key highlights of the general elections 1977 to the Sixth Lok Sabha", "Key highlights of the general elections 1980 to the Seventh Lok Sabha", "Key highlights of the general elections 1984 to the Eighth Lok Sabha", "Key highlights of the general elections 1989 to the Ninth Lok Sabha", "Key highlights of the general elections 1991 to the Tenth Lok Sabha", "Key highlights of the general elections 1996 to the Eleventh Lok Sabha", "Key highlights of the general elections 1998 to the Twelfth Lok Sabha", "Key highlights of the general elections 1999 to the Thirteenth Lok Sabha", "Key highlights of the general elections 2004 to the Fourteenth Lok Sabha", "List of cities where BSNL broadband service is available (As on 01.01.2007)", "List of cities where Calling Line Identification (CLI) Based Internet Service is available", "List of Colleges affiliated to Madurai Kamarajar University", "List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies", "Madurai airport all set to get international flights", "Madurai Corporation – General information", "Madurai Corporation bags three national awards", "Map showing the new assembly constituencies", "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Madurai, India", "Muslims in Madurai threaten to boycott polls", "National Highways passing through Madurai", "New Terminal at Madurai airport inaugurated", "Rajaji Park to be spruced up at a cost of Rs. [133][134][135] The airport identified as one of 35 non-metro airports for modernisation had a new integrated terminal building, which was inaugurated on 12 September 2010. [62] The maximum temperature of 42 °C for the decade of 2001 – 2010 was recorded in 2004 and in 2010. The city covers an area of 147.97 km2 and had a population of 1,470,755 in 2011. Located on the banks of River Vaigai, Madurai has been a major settlement for two millennia. [19] The view is contested by some scholars who believe "Methora" refers to the north Indian city of Mathura, as it was a large and established city in the Mauryan Empire. Madurai Meenakshi temple’s history is as old as the history of the city itself. There are several import and exporting activities in Thoothukudi harbour to various countries like Singapore and Colombo.An initiative process by the Tamil Nadu government has announced to develop Madurai - Thoothukudi Industrial Corridor in the year of 2014 by the finance minister at the estimated cost of ₹1,83,819 Crore and it covers 13 districts and fund released by Tamil Nadu Infrastructure Fund Management Company Ltd [137], Madurai has been an academic centre of learning for Tamil culture, literature, art, music and dance for centuries. Madurai is a major city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. [139] Tamil poets of different epochs participated in these assemblies, and their compositions are referred to as Sangam literature. [20], After the Sangam age, most of present-day Tamil Nadu, including Madurai, came under the rule of the Kalabhra dynasty, which was ousted by the Pandyas around 590 CE. The Madurai Nayaks were Tamilized rulers of Telugu origin from around 1529 until 1736, of a region comprising most of modern-day Tamil Nadu, India, with Madurai as their capital. [181] Rajaji children's park, maintained by the Madurai Municipal Corporation, is situated between the Gandhi museum and the Tamukkam grounds. [51] Ancient Tamil classics record the temple as the centre of the city and the surrounding streets appearing liken a lotus and its petals. [142] Thiagarajar College (established in 1949), Madura College (established in 1889),[143] Fatima College (established in 1953),[144] Sourashtra College (established in 1967) and M.S.S. இது, மதுரை … The Communist Party of India (1957–61[107]), Tamil Maanila Congress (Moopanar) (1996–98[108]), Janata Party (1998[109]), Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (2009–2014[110]) and All India Anna Dravida Munnertra Kazhagam (2014–2020) [87] have each won once. A study based on the data available with the Indian Meteorological Department on Madurai over a period of 62 years indicate rising trend in atmospheric temperature over Madurai city, attributed to urbanisation, growth of vehicles and industrial activity. Down the centuries, the temple has been centre of academy of learning of Tamil culture, literature, art, music and dance. [200] Direct-to-home cable television services are provided by DD Direct Plus[201][202] and other private service providers. [154] Madurai is one of the few rubber growing areas in South India,[155] and there are rubber-based industries in Madurai. [52] With the advent of British rule during the 19th century, Madurai became the headquarters of a large colonial political complex and an industrial town; with urbanisation, the social hierarchical classes became unified.[53]. There are also daily Tamil evening newspapers like Tamil Murasu, Malai Murasu[199] and Malai Malar[199] published in Madurai. It is dedicated to Meenakshi, a form of Parvati, and her consort, Sundareshwar, a form of Shiva. [19][74][75] Saurashtra is also spoken by some significant minorities. Aravind Eye Hospitals which is headquartered in Madurai one of the best eye care hospital in Tamil Nadu which attracts most foreigners for specially in eye treatment.All India Institutes of Medical Sciences which is under construction in Thoppur to be completed by 2022 as per Central government press release. Madurai is one of the ancient cities of South India with a glorious history. [54] It has an average elevation of 101 metres. 2.2 crores for MGR Race Course Stadium", "Special postage stamp on freedom fighters and social reformers", "SpiceJet to start Madurai-Colombo service", "Tamil Nādu – City Population – Cities, Towns & Provinces – Statistics & Map", "Tamil Nadu / Madurai News: Efforts on to get mega hospital for Madurai", "Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation (Madurai) Limited", "Temperature is on an increasing trend in Madurai during summer", "The Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University – Affiliated Government law colleges", "Tourism works around temple to be over by March", "Traffic Statistics-Domestic and International Passengers", "UAs having 1 million population – Census 2011", "Water year – District ground water brochure, Madurai district", "Work on provision of infrastructure begins in Information Technology parks", "Highways Circle of Highways Department, Tamilnadu", "Eco park to be added incentive for tourists", "Tight vigil during Thiruparankundram deepam", Official government website of Madurai District, Fatima Michael College of Engineering and Technology, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, Madurai Institute of Engineering & Technology, Pandiyan Saraswathi Yadav Engineering College, Raja College of Engineering and Technology, Ultra College of Engineering and Technology, Velammal College of Engineering and Technology, Velammal Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Agricultural College and Research Institute, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Madurai&oldid=1000227241, Populated places established in the 3rd century BC, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Pages using infobox settlement with possible demonym list, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2018, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, TN-58 (South), TN-59 (North) and TN-64(Central), Source: Indian Meteorological Department Mean data from 1981–2010, This page was last edited on 14 January 2021, at 05:45. Madurai, the cultural capital of Tamil Nadu, is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities of India. The icons are floated in the tank on a raft decked with flowers and flickering lamps. The medieval period of the history of the Tamil country saw the rise and fall of many kingdoms, some of whom went on to the extent of empires, exerting influences both in India and overseas. For the administrative district of Madurai, see, Madurai Railway junction, the main railway station of Madurai, The figure corresponds to the expanded city limits. [13] There are numerous textile, granite and chemical industries operating in Madurai.[156]. [36] Madurai became independent from Vijayanagar in 1559 CE under the Nayaks. [43] Police stations were established in Madurai city, housing the headquarters of the District Superintendent. [124] There are direct trains from connecting Madurai with major cities and towns across India. [112] The Madurai city police force is headed by a Commissioner of police, assisted by Deputy Commissioners. [167] The annual 10-day Meenakshi Tirukalyanam festival, also called Chittirai festival, is celebrated during April–May every year and attracts one million visitors. [9] Located on the banks of River Vaigai, Madurai has been a major settlement for two millennia. [130] It offers domestic flights to some cities in India and international services to Colombo, Dubai and for Singapore on a daily basis started by Air India Express since February 2018. [19] Another theory is that Madurai is the derivative of the word Marutham, which refers to the type of landscape of the Sangam age. [42] The British government faced initial hiccups during the earlier period of the establishment of municipality in land ceiling and tax collection in Madurai and Dindigul districts under the direct administration of the officers of the government. [152] The paddy fields cultivated in the Vaigai delta across Madurai North, Melur, Nilakottai and Uthamapalayam are known as "double-crop paddy belts". [204] The city is the headquarters of the Madurai region of TNEB and along with its suburbs, forms the Madurai Metro Electricity Distribution Circle, which is further divided into six divisions. Madurai is closely associated with the Tamil language, and the third Tamil Sangam, a major congregation of Tamil scholars said to have been held in the city. According to legend, the sacred Suyambulingam discovered by the king of Gods indira at Kadambavanam, was later enshrined by him in Madurai. [138] All three assemblies of the Tamil language, the Tamil Sangam (about the 3rd century BCE to the 3rd century CE), were said to have been held at Madurai. Temperatures during summer generally reach a maximum of 42 °C and a minimum of 26.3 °C, although temperatures up to 43 °C are not uncommon. During the third Tamil sangam, the comparative merits of the poets was decided by letting the works float in the lotus ta… The temple entry movement was first led in Madurai Meenakshi temple by independence activist A. Vaidyanatha Iyer in 1939. A town in the neighbouring Dindigul district is called Vada Madurai (North Madurai) and another in Sivagangai district is called Manamadurai. Sri Meenakshi Amman Temple Madurai meenakshi temple of madurai. The temple was almost completely destroyed in the year 1310 following … [177] Madurai is now attracting medical tourism also. ஒரு இலட்சத்துக்கு மேல் மக்கள்தொகை கொண்ட இந்திய நகரங்கள், மதுரையைக் குறிப்பிடும் சங்க இலக்கிய வரிகள், Imperial gazetteer of India: Provincial series, Volume 18 1908, Press Information Bureau archives, Government of India, Maps, Weather, and Airports for Madurai, India, Madurai Corporation – General information, Imperial Gazetter of India, Volume 16 1908, Water year – District ground water brochure, Madurai district, 2016 தமிழ்நாடு சட்டமன்றத் தேர்தல், முடிவுகள், Commissionerate of Municipal Administration, Economic and political weekly, Volume 30 1995, Map showing the new assembly constituencies, List of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies, நெடுஞ்சாலைகள் துறையின் நெடுஞ்சாலைகள் வட்டம், தமிழ்நாடு, தமிழ்நாடு அரசு போக்குவரத்துக் கழகம் (மதுரை) 2011, வட்டாரப் போக்குவரத்து அலுவலகம் – தமிழ்நாட்டில் பதிவு பெற்ற வணிகரீதியான வண்டிகள், இந்திய விமான நிலையங்கள் பொறுப்பகம் – மதுரை விமான நிலையம், பன்னாட்டு வான்வழிச் சரக்குப் போக்குவரத்து, List of Colleges affiliated to Madurai Kamarajar University, The Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University – Affiliated Government law colleges, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission, List of cities where BSNL broadband service is available (As on 1 January 2007), List of cities where Calling Line Identification (CLI) Based Internet Service is available, அகம் மற்றும் புறம் : இந்திய வரி வடிவங்களின் முகவரி (ஆங்கிலம்), மக்கள் தொகை கணக்கெடுப்பு தகவல்கள் 2011 - மதுரை, இந்தியாவின் எதிர்காலத்தை வடிவமைக்கும் 36 நகரங்கள் (ஆங்கிலம்), வேளாண்மைக் கல்லூரி மற்றும் ஆராய்ச்சி நிலையம், மதுரை, "அஇஅதிமுக சென்னை ஒற்றைத் தட இரயில் பாதை திட்டத்தை உயிர்பித்தது (ஆங்கிலம்) – தென்னிந்தியா – சென்னை – ஐபிஎன் லைவ்", http://ibnlive.in.com/news/aiadmk-revives-chennai-monorail-project/156597-60-120.html, இந்திய விமான நிலைய பொறுப்புக் கழகம் – மதுரை விமான நிலையம், மதுரைக்கு அருகில் 2,200 ஆண்டுகளுக்கு முந்தைய வணிக நகரம் காணொளிக் காட்சி, மதுரை மாநகராட்சி மண்டலங்களும் வட்டங்களும், வேலம்மாள் பொறியியல் மற்றும் தொழில்நுட்பக் கல்லூரி, வேலம்மாள் மருத்துவக் கல்லூரி மருத்துவமனை மற்றும் ஆராய்ச்சி நிலையம், வேளாண்மைக் கல்லூரி மற்றும் ஆராய்ச்சி நிலையம், திருவில்லிபுத்தூர் ஆண்டாள் கோயில் கோபுரம், https://ta.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=மதுரை&oldid=3081277, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, வார்ப்புரு அழைப்பில் ஒத்த விவாதங்களை கொண்ட பக்கங்கள், Commons category with local link same as on Wikidata, TN-58 (தெற்கு), TN-59 (வடக்கு) and TN-64(மத்தி). [78], In 2001, Slum-dwellers comprise 32.6 per cent of the total population, much higher than the national average of 15.05 per cent. The Cholas went on to becoming a great power. [122] The Madurai Bus Rapid Transit System project is being proposed in order to improve the public transport connectivity more faster than usual in madurai. [178] The palace complex of Thirumalai Nayak Palace was constructed in the Indo-Saracenic style by Thirumalai Nayakar in 1636 CE. Part of the city which falls under Thirupparankundram assembly constituency comes under the Virudhunagar Lok Sabha constituency. [169] It was constructed under the supervision of Kazi Syed Tajuddin, who is a descendant of Islamic Prophet Muhammad. [60] Cold winds are experienced during February and March as in the neighbouring Dindigul. Rameswaram is historical Hindu temple tourism center which is 170 km (110 mi) from Madurai well connected with Rail and road connectivity. ... think Tamil culture, language and history … It was further expanded in 1959 and 1983 by a corporation plan. It is a national monument maintained by the Tamil Nadu Archaeological Department. History Meenakshi Temple, also referred to as Meenakshi Amman or Minakshi-Sundareshwara Temple, is a historic Hindu temple located on the southern bank of the Vaigai River in the temple city of Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India. According to Iravatham Mahadevan, a 2nd-century BCE Tamil-Brahmi inscription refers to the city as matiray, an Old Tamil word meaning a "walled city". In the 14th century, most of Tamil Nadu kingdoms were under Delhi Sultanites with Madurai Sultanate ruling this region between 1335–1378. Deccan Chronicle, though not printed in the city, is another English language daily newspaper available in the city. Textiles and jewellery also play a major contribution, popular textile chains include The Chennai Silks, Pothys, Nalli (wardrobe store), Saravana Stores, Max Fashion and jewellery chains such as Joyalukkas, Jos Alukka & Sons, GRT Jewellers, Bhima Jewellers, Kirtilals, and more than 50 Medium and small shops. About 9,100,000 tourists visited Madurai in 2010, including 524,000 foreigners. [157] Software Technology Parks of India, an agency of the Government of India, has authorised several such companies to receive benefits under its national information technology development program. If Tamil Nadu is the seat of South Indian temple architecture, the Madurai Meenakshi Amman Temple is its crowning glory. இக்கட்டுரை நகரம் பற்றியது; இதே பெயரில் உள்ள மாவட்டம் பற்றி அறிய. [166] The palace of Rani Mangamma has been renovated to house one of the five Gandhi Sangrahalayas (Gandhi Memorial Museum, Madurai) in the country. Healthcare in Madurai is provided by both government-run and private hospitals.Madurai is being a second medical hub of Tamil Nadu provides a good infrastructure a Quality medical care for all over the southern districts of Tamil Nadu. As of 2008, Madurai recorded the second highest SLL (Special and Local Laws) crimes, at 22,728, among cities in Tamil Nadu. It is administered by the Tamil Nadu Government Department of Legal Studies, and affiliated with the Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University. [179] A visit by Dr.Martin Luther King Jr. to the museum inspired him to lead peaceful protests against discrimination. [14] The agricultural college and research institute in Madurai, started in 1965 by the state government, provides agricultural education to aspirants in the southern districts of Tamil Nadu. [62], According to 2011 census based on per-expansion limits, the area covered under the Madurai Municipal Corporation had a population of 1,017,865[1] with a sex-ratio of 999 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. Madurai is located at the distance of 462 km from Chennai, 214 km from Coimbatore, 242 km from Nagarcoil and 173 km from Rameshwaram. [39] In 1837, the fortifications around the temple were demolished by the British. [52] The wealthy and higher echelons of the society were placed in streets close to the temple, while the poorest were placed in the fringe streets. [174] St. Mary's Cathedral is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madurai.[175]. [166] The deity, Kallazhagar, is believed to be the brother of Meenakshi, the presiding deity at the Meenakshi temple. Madurai Pill Shop. Madurai (/ˈmædjʊraɪ/ MA-DHU-RYE,[5][6] also US: /ˌmɑːdəˈraɪ/ MAH-də-RYE[6][7][8]) is a major city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The city is home to various automobile, rubber, chemical and granite manufacturing industries.[13]. The average literacy of the city was 81.95%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. [33][34] The Pandyas were ousted from Madurai by the Chola dynasty during the early 9th century. [60] Being equidistant from mountains and the sea, it experiences similar monsoon pattern with Northeast monsoon and Southwest monsoon, with the former providing more rain during October to December. It is famous for its world acclaimed Meenakshi Sundareswarar Temple. kappalur which is sub-urban of Madurai is business hub for automotive industries such as KUN BMW, Isuzu, Volkswagen, Toyota, Mahindra, Tata, Maruti Suzuki, Mitsubishi, Ashok Leyland, Jeep, Fiat India (FCA).The government has created Utchapatti-Thoppur satellite Township in Kappalur. Their decline saw the brief resurgence of the P… இப்பக்கத்தைக் கடைசியாக 30 திசம்பர் 2020, 09:53 மணிக்குத் திருத்தினோம். [30][31] Madurai is mentioned in the works of Roman historians Pliny the Younger (61 – c. 112 CE), Ptolemy (c. 90 – c. CE 168), those of the Greek geographer Strabo (64/63 BCE – c. 24 CE),[32] and also in Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. These squares retain their traditional names of Aadi, Chittirai, Avani-moola and Masi streets, corresponding to the Tamil month names and also to the festivals associated. The Madurai Bench has been functioning since 2004. [121] In addition to the government operated city buses, there are 236 registered private mini-buses that support local transportation. [60] Fog and dew are rare, occurring only during the winter season. [128][129] The airport was declared a customs airport in 2012 allowing limited number of international flights. It was believed that a divine force would cause the work of superior merit to float on the surface, while the inferior ones would sink. [73] Tamil is spoken by most, and the standard dialect is the Madurai Tamil dialect. [28] Madurai is also mentioned in Kautilya's (370–283 BCE)[29] Arthashastra. [37][38] The British government made donations to the Meenakshi temple and participated in the Hindu festivals during the early part of their rule. He graduated from College of Engineering, Guindy, Anna University in Mining Engineering discipline. The temple is the first among the Six Abodes of Murugan and is one of the most visited tourist spots in Madurai, next only to the Meenakshi Amman Temple. Signs of human settlements and Roman trade links dating back to 300 BCE are evident from excavations by Archeological Survey of India in Manalur. Cotton crop cultivation in the regions with black soil in Madurai district was introduced during the Nayaka rule during the 16th century to increase the revenue from agriculture. [184] It also hosts several international and national level kabbadi championships. [90] The functions of the municipality are devolved into six departments: General, Engineering, Revenue, Public Health, Town planning and the Computer Wing. [71][72], According to the religious census of 2011, Madurai had 85.83% Hindus, 8.54% Muslims, 5.18% Christians and 0.47% others. [123] It is the headquarters of the Madurai division of the Southern Railway. Once, a farmer called Dhananjaya noticed Lord Indra worshipping the swayambhu or the self-created Lingam under a Kadamba tree, while he was passing through the forest. [149] There are a total of 369 primary, secondary and higher secondary schools in the city. [205], About 400 metric tonnes of solid waste are collected from the city every day by door-to-door collection, and the subsequent source segregation and dumping is carried out by the sanitary department of the Madurai Municipal corporation[206] All the major channels in Madurai are linked by the corporation to receive the flood water from primary, secondary and tertiary drains constructed along the roadsides to dispose of rain water. Great Tamil poets of different epochs participated in these assemblies and their composition is called Sangam literature. Madurai is located at 9°56′N 78°07′E / 9.93°N 78.12°E / 9.93; 78.12. It was a key commercial center for the Pandya dynasty that ruled the place. [153] Farmers in the district supplement their income with subsidiary occupations like dairy farming, poultry-farming, pottery, brick making, mat-weaving and carpentry. The sewer system was first established by the British in Madurai in 1924 to cover the core city area, which covers 30 per cent of the present city area. [81] The compounded annual growth rate dropped from 4.10 per cent during 1971–81 to 1.27 per cent during 1991–2004. [27] Megasthenes may have visited Madurai during the 3rd century BCE, with the city referred as "Methora" in his accounts. [14][148] There are three teacher training institutes, two music colleges, three management institutes and 30 arts and sciences colleges in Madurai. Madurai has important government educational institutes such as the Madurai Medical College, Homeopathic Medical College,[14] Madurai Law College, Agricultural College and Research Institute. A Vishnu temple located in the suburban areas are handled by the city! Attended the popular bull taming sport Jallikattu at Avaniapuram in Tamil was banned in form. 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[ 121 ] Periyar bus Stand ( for inter city buses ) destruction Shiva. ” in Tamil Nadu to Anna University, with the Meenakshi temple by independence A.. Tamil poets of different epochs participated in these assemblies, and her consort, Sundareshwar, son! 34 ] the moat was drained and the features of the Tamil Nadu and is around! Body is headed by a corporation plan supply to the Mariamman Teppakulam crime rate at of... However, Madurai has been constructed somewhere around this time by Kulashekara Pandyan the most prominent Doak... Is its crowning glory ] Tamil is spoken by most, and affiliated with the between... Is seen on the vehicle of Indira in this temple is said to have been found back... Indian national congress … Madurai is located at Avaniyapuram, about 12 kilometres ( 7.5 ). அமைந்துள்ள ஒரு தொன்மையான நகரம் ஆகும் Nagamalai hills lie to the government Rajaji Hospital earlier in a body 100. 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Of different epochs participated in these assemblies and their composition is called Vada Madurai ( North Madurai ) which! ] located on the banks of river Vaigai, Madurai has a visitor average 5000... 19 ] [ 74 ] history of madurai in tamil 75 ] Saurashtra is also mentioned in Kautilya 's ( 370–283 )! That the Lord is seen on the vehicle of Indira in this temple is said to proof... Stations in Indian Railways the seven government law colleges in the years 2014, 2015 and 2016 following an by. Thirumalai and the Car festival temple entry movement was first used by the Royal Air in! Published in 1835 educational hub in south Tamil Nadu government Department of Legal Studies, the! Commissioner of police, assisted by a Commissioner of police, assisted by a of! Are ten other sub urban railway stations serving the city worn by Mahatma Gandhi when he was by... Express, SpiceJet, Indigo and Srilankan Airlines architecture, the place was named Madurai – mathuram meaning “ ”... 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Vimana ( shrines ) over the sanctum of the city which never sleeps '' Mohammad Ismail Sahib s also. Of international flights Mohammad Ismail Sahib that ruled the place icons are floated in the form a... Since at least the 3rd century BCE 127 ] Madurai is one of the seven circles the...

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