Binu’s work was featured in the French documentary that aired recently in TV news programme on France 2 channel under the title ‘Know the Indian Tree Doctor’. Christophe Jaffrelot (2007), Hindu Nationalism: A Reader, Princeton University Press. French translation of 'Hindu'. "It's actually a Hindu religious symbol meaning `let good prevail. Westerners used to the Gregorian calendar quickly notice that the year is dated differently in the Hindu calendar. [ˈhɪnduː , hɪnˈduː] noun. Margaret Allen (1992), Ornament in Indian Architecture, University of Delaware Press. [167] In the 20th century, the sense of religious nationalism grew in India, states van der Veer, but only Muslim nationalism succeeded with the formation of the West and East Pakistan (later split into Pakistan and Bangladesh), as "an Islamic state" upon independence. 71, No. Hinduism is the religion of the majority of people in India and Nepal. We look at some of the ways in which the language is changing. To the Afghans south of the Hindu Kush anything connected with the USSR was a mystery, in spite of their shared border to the north. Earth is no longer the producer of wealth, nor does Indra give timely rains, Although sati is now banned … Read our series of blogs to find out more. Brahma is part of what is sometimes called the Hindu Trinity (Trimurthi) of high gods: Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. The countries with most Hindu residents and citizens include (in decreasing order) are India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, United States, Malaysia, United Kingdom, Myanmar, Canada, Mauritius, Guyana, South Africa, Trinidad and Tobago, Fiji, Suriname. The term 'Hindu' meant people who were non-Muslims, and it included Buddhists of the region. Julius J. Lipner (2009), Hindus: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices, 2nd Edition, Routledge. The actual term 'hindu' first occurs, states Gavin Flood, as "a Persian geographical term for the people who lived beyond the river Indus (Sanskrit: Sindhu)",[53] more specifically in the 6th-century BCE inscription of Darius I. Carl Olson (2007), The Many Colors of Hinduism: A Thematic-historical Introduction, Rutgers University Press. The French companies established in Tamil Nadu are enjoying a great business environment. : Sanskrit sources and the Muslims (eighth to fourteenth century), Manohar Publications. A bunch of Islamist radicals attacked a fellow Muslim for posting photos online of a Christmas party he had attended. [53][76] The Arabic equivalent Al-Hind likewise referred to the country of India. Westerners used to the Gregorian calendar quickly notice that the year is dated differently in the Hindu calendar. [160] The Hindu nationalism ideology that emerged, states Jeffrelot, was codified by Savarkar while he was a political prisoner of the British colonial empire. [159][161], Chris Bayly traces the roots of Hindu nationalism to the Hindu identity and political independence achieved by the Maratha confederacy, that overthrew the Islamic Mughal empire in large parts of India, allowing Hindus the freedom to pursue any of their diverse religious beliefs and restored Hindu holy places such as Varanasi. [123], Overlaps in Jain-Hindu identities have included Jains worshipping Hindu deities, intermarriages between Jains and Hindus, and medieval era Jain temples featuring Hindu religious icons and sculpture. These wars were described not just using the mythical story of Rama from Ramayana, states Chattopadhyaya, the medieval records used a wide range of religious symbolism and myths that are now considered as part of Hindu literature. [51], In contemporary era, the term Hindus are individuals who identify with one or more aspects of Hinduism, whether they are practising or non-practicing or Laissez-faire. The French in India are an artifact of the French presence there, which began in 1673 with the establishment of the French East India Company and continued until 1962 when the French territory was formally transferred to India. [68], The word Hindu is an exonym. [80] In Islamic literature, 'Abd al-Malik Isami's Persian work, Futuhu's-salatin, composed in the Deccan in 1350, uses the word 'hindi' to mean Indian in the ethno-geographical sense and the word 'hindu' to mean 'Hindu' in the sense of a follower of the Hindu religion". However I decided to specialise in French and obtained my Ph.D. in French at the Lille 3 University in France. Abraham Eraly (2000), Emperors of the Peacock Throne: The Saga of the Great Mughals, Penguin Books. [172], The Hindu nationalism movement has sought to reform Indian laws, that critics say attempts to impose Hindu values on India's Islamic minority. The mayhem was allegedly triggered by a Facebook post by Shankar Debnath, a Hindu from the village, supporting French cartoons on Oct. 31. The distribution of Indian religions in British India (1909). [67] After India, the next 9 countries with the largest Hindu populations are, in decreasing order: Nepal, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, United States, Malaysia, United Arab Emirates and United Kingdom. The Kali age now deserves deepest congratulations for being at the zenith of its power, [85] Jahangir, for example, called the Sikh Guru Arjan a Hindu:[86], There was a Hindu named Arjan in Gobindwal on the banks of the Beas River. Rachel Sturman (2010), Hinduism and Law: An Introduction (Editors: Timothy Lubin et al), Cambridge University Press. Among the earliest terms to emerge were Seeks and their College (later spelled Sikhs by Charles Wilkins), Boudhism (later spelled Buddhism), and in the 9th volume of Asiatick Researches report on religions in India, the term Jainism received notice. In southern India, the Thugs are also known as Phansigar, signifying "strangler" or "user of a garotte," after their favorite method of dispatching their victims. [173] In contrast, opponents of Hindu nationalists remark that eliminating religious law from India poses a threat to the cultural identity and religious rights of Muslims, and people of Islamic faith have a constitutional right to Islamic shariah-based personal laws. [114] According to Sheen and Boyle, Jains have not objected to being covered by personal laws termed under 'Hindu',[114] but Indian courts have acknowledged that Jainism is a distinct religion.[115]. To a Hindu the idea of a god being married merely emphasizes that the creative force is both male and female. Robert Zaehner (1997), Encyclopedia of the World's Religions, Barnes & Noble Publishing. 11-year-old Vraj shows us around a Hindu temple, called a mandir, and tells us about the religious statues called murtis that Hindus keep in their temples and homes. Hindus celebrating their major festivals, Colonial-era usage (18th to 20th century), Hindu identity amidst other Indian religions, According to Ram Bhagat, the term was used by the, See also "Aurangzeb, as he was according to Mughal Records"; more links at the bottom of that page. "Thug" Origin . The 14th-century Sanskrit text, Madhuravijayam, a memoir written by Gangadevi, the wife of Vijayanagara prince, for example describes the consequences of war using religious terms,[118]. St. Francis Xavier landed in Goa on 6 May 1542, with a resolve of ‘uprooting paganism’ from the soil of India and planting Christianity in its place. [80] The poet Vidyapati's poem Kirtilata contrasts the cultures of Hindus and Turks (Muslims) in a city and concludes "The Hindus and the Turks live close together; Each makes fun of the other's religion (dhamme). ARUNDHATI अरुन्धती, अरुंधती f Hinduism, Indian, Hindi The name of a star (also called Alcor), which was named after a type of climbing plant, possibly meaning "not restrained" in Sanskrit. 2, pages 186–187, 177–203, Hardy, F. "A radical assessment of the Vedic heritage" in. French officials have said that no progress has been made on a so-called five-point structured dialogue that he proposed to Putin more than a year ago. [167] The successes of each side fed the fears of the other, leading to the growth of Hindu nationalism and Muslim nationalism in the Indian subcontinent. Both names of the country are rooted in Hinduism; Burma is the British colonial officials' phonetic equivalent for the first half of Brahma Desha, the ancient name of the region. I visited a company like Air Liquide, which is a world leader, and has chosen Tamil Nadu to establish an advanced medical systems facility. In a statement on Tuesday, Dec. 22, 2020, Rajan Zed, president of the Universal Society of Hinduism, called on Louis Vuitton to pull a yoga mat made partly from cowhide leather, saying the mat is "highly inappropriate" to practicing Hindus who regard cows as sacred symbols of life. The 6th-century BCE inscription of Darius I mentions the province of Hi[n]dush, referring to northwestern India. This kind of attitude, according to him, dominated the 19th century Hindu reform movements in that they separated the so-called “pure monotheism of the Upanishads” and the “Puranic Hinduism”. TS Rukmani (2008), Theory and Practice of Yoga (Editor: Knut Jacobsen), Motilal Banarsidass. [57][58][59] A sense of Hindu identity and the term Hindu appears in some texts dated between the 13th and 18th century in Sanskrit and Bengali. Copyright © by HarperCollins Publishers. adjective. As in India, Indonesian Hindus recognises four paths of spirituality, calling it Catur Marga. [123] Even among Hinduism denominations such as Shaivism and Vaishnavism, the Hindu identities, states Leslie Orr, lacked "firm definitions and clear boundaries". [116], Brajadulal Chattopadhyaya has questioned the Pollock theory and presented textual and inscriptional evidence. NASA has declared the Mars digger dead after failing to burrow deep into the red planet to take its temperature.Scientists in Germany spent two years trying to … [84], The term Hindu appears in the texts from the Mughal Empire era. Two Hindu households consisting five houses were vandalized and torched in Comilla after a man reportedly showed support for France ... Shankar Debnath, were vandalized and was set on fire. [128] Similarly, there is an organic relation of Sikhs to Hindus, states Zaehner, both in religious thought and their communities, and virtually all Sikhs' ancestors were Hindus. The Yadava king of Devagiri named Ramacandra, for example states Pollock, is described in a 13th-century record as, "How is this Rama to be described.. who freed Varanasi from the mleccha (barbarian, Turk Muslim) horde, and built there a golden temple of Sarngadhara". This word Hindu is derived from the Indo-Aryan and Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means "a large body of water", covering "river, ocean". [185] The Puranas and the Itihasa (mainly Ramayana and the Mahabharata) are enduring traditions among Indonesian Hindus, expressed in community dances and shadow puppet (wayang) performances. He was fondly called Murivalan (Broken Tail) by locals. [...] When Khusraw stopped at his residence, [Arjan] came out and had an interview with [Khusraw]. Hinduism in Indonesia, as of the 2010 census, is practised by about 1.7% of the total population, and by more than 83% of the population in Bali. Books, flower petals, lamps, sword, music instruments, and small images are crowded along the steps. [151], Other recorded persecution of Hindus include those under the reign of 18th century Tipu Sultan in south India,[152] and during the colonial era. I am confident that we are going to have some new French investment in Chennai either in production or R&D. This makes the Hindu calendar vastly more complex than the western calendar, which is built aroun… The three-week race won’t be starting on June 27 in Nice as scheduled. [62] In the 18th century, the European merchants and colonists began to refer to the followers of Indian religions collectively as Hindus, in contrast to Mohamedans for Turks, Mughals and Arabs following Islam. The fire service had to be called to douse the fire. [83] In the 11th-century text of Al Biruni, Hindus are referred to as "religious antagonists" to Islam, as those who believe in rebirth, presents them to hold a diversity of beliefs, and seems to oscillate between Hindus holding a centralist and pluralist religious views. [120] Chattopadhyaya, and other scholars,[121] state that the military and political campaign during the medieval era wars in Deccan peninsula of India, and in the north India, were no longer a quest for sovereignty, they embodied a political and religious animosity against the "otherness of Islam", and this began the historical process of Hindu identity formation. Amalendu Misra (2004), Identity and Religion, SAGE Publications, CA Bayly (1985), The pre-history of communialism? Orthodox Christian Activist John Wiley & Sons started using the term, themselves. Is down from the French companies established in Tamil Nadu are enjoying a Great business environment in! 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